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Most house fires start with something ordinary: a pan left on the stove top, an overloaded power board or a heater placed too close to the curtains. The good news is that most home fires are preventable with a few simple habits and the right fire safety equipment.

In this guide, we cover common home fire hazards, practical fire safety tips for every room, and the fire safety measures every household should have in place.

Where Home Fires Start: Common Fire Hazards

Understanding where a fire starts is the first step in fire prevention. The most common causes of home fires in Australia include:

• Cooking unattended: The kitchen is where many house fires begin, often when someone is distracted or leaves the room.
• Electrical equipment and faulty wiring: Damaged electrical cords, overloaded power boards and ageing wiring can overheat and start fires.
• Home heating: Portable heaters, gas heaters, open fires and electric blankets are a common source of fires during the winter season.
• Smoking materials: Cigarettes that are not fully extinguished, and smoking in bed, are a leading cause of fatal fires.
• Open flames: A burning candle, oil burners and incense left unattended or placed near curtains.
• Flammable liquids and materials: Petrol, solvents and cleaning products stored near heat sources.
• Clothes dryers: Lint build-up in the lint filter is highly flammable.

Most of these fires are caused by everyday habits rather than faulty products, which means small changes make a real difference.

Kitchen Fire Safety: Fire Prevention Where Most Home Fires Start

The kitchen combines heat, cooking oils and electrical appliances in one small space, so it deserves extra attention.

Never leave cooking unattended

If you need to leave the kitchen, turn off the cooktop first. It only takes a few minutes for a pan of oil to overheat and ignite. Use a timer as a reminder when you are simmering, roasting or baking.

Keep the cooking area clear

• Keep tea towels, oven mitts, paper towel and packaging a safe distance from the cooktop.
• Wear close-fitting sleeves when cooking.
• Clean the range hood filter regularly, as built-up grease can catch fire.
• Wipe up oil and fat spills promptly.

Take care with cooking oils

Heat oil slowly and never fill a pan more than one-third full. Never throw water on an oil or fat fire, as this can cause burning oil to erupt violently. Instead, learn how to extinguish oil fires safely using a fire blanket or a tight-fitting lid. 

Keep a fire blanket in the kitchen

A fire blanket is the simplest way to put out a small fire on the cooktop. Mount it on the wall near an exit, not directly above the cooktop, so you can reach it without leaning over the flames. To use it, pull the tabs, cover the pan completely, turn off the heat and leave the blanket in place until the pan has cooled. Read our step-by-step guide on using a fire blanket for more information.

Look after kitchen appliances

Unplug toasters, kettles and sandwich presses when not in use, clean crumb trays regularly and follow the manufacturer's instructions. Never leave the dishwasher or oven running overnight or while you are out.

Electrical Equipment and Faulty Wiring

Electrical fires often start quietly behind furniture or inside walls, so regular checks are an important part of household fire safety.

• Don't overload power boards: Avoid running high-wattage appliances from one board, and never piggyback power boards or plug double adaptors into extension leads.
• Check electrical cords and power points: Replace frayed or cracked cords, and stop using any power point that sparks, buzzes or feels warm.
• Watch for faulty wiring: Flickering lights, tripping circuits or scorch marks around switches mean it's time to call a qualified electrician. Never attempt DIY electrical work.
• Test your safety switches: Press the RCD test button every three months to confirm each one trips correctly.
• Use the clothes dryer safely: Clean the lint filter after every load and let the dryer finish its cool-down cycle before removing clothes.

Home Heating and Electric Blankets in the Winter Season

Home heating accounts for a rise in home fires every winter season. A few simple fire safety measures keep you warm and safe.

Heaters

• Keep portable heaters and gas heaters at least one metre from curtains, furniture, bedding and clothing.
• Never dry clothes on or near a heater.
• Turn heaters off before you leave the room or go to bed.

Electric blankets

Before the first cold night, check your electric blankets for frayed cords, scorch marks and worn controls. Lay the blanket flat, never fold it or tuck it in tightly, and turn it off before you get into bed. If you fall asleep with it on, heat can build up and start a fire. Replace electric blankets that are more than 10 years old.

Open fires and open fireplaces

Always use a fire screen in front of open fireplaces, and keep firewood and kindling a safe distance from the hearth. Have your chimney cleaned before each winter season. Make sure the fire is fully extinguished before going to bed or leaving the house, and dispose of ashes in a metal bucket away from the house.

Smoking, Candles and Flammable Liquids

• Smoking materials: Never leave lit cigarettes unattended or smoke in bed, and make sure butts are fully extinguished with water before emptying ashtrays. Ideally, smoke outside.
• Candles and oil burners: Keep a burning candle in a stable holder away from anything flammable, and never leave candles or oil burners unattended. Battery-operated candles are a safer alternative.
• Flammable liquids: Store petrol, thinners and aerosols in their original containers in a cool, ventilated area outside the home, away from heat sources and electrical equipment.
• Young children: Keep matches and lighters out of reach, and make sure any activity involving fire happens with adult supervision.

Fire Safety Measures Every Household Needs

Even with good fire prevention habits, every home needs the right fire safety equipment to provide early warning and stop a small fire before it spreads.

1. Working smoke alarms

Working smoke alarms are the single most important fire safety measure in any home. Smoke can overcome you while you sleep, and a smoke alarm gives you the early warning you need to get out.

• Install smoke alarms in every bedroom, in hallways outside sleeping areas and on every level of your home.
• Choose smoke alarms that comply with Australian Standard AS 3786. Photoelectric smoke detectors are recommended for homes.
• Test each smoke alarm monthly by pressing the test button, and vacuum the vents every six months.
• Replace smoke alarms every 10 years, or sooner if they fail testing.

2. Fire blanket

A fire blanket smothers small fires by cutting off oxygen. It is the preferred option for cooking oil and fat fires on the stovetop, and can also be used to wrap a person whose clothing has caught fire. Choose a fire blanket that complies with AS/NZS 3504 and mount it in the kitchen, near an exit.

3. Fire extinguisher

A home fire extinguisher lets you deal with a small fire safely before it spreads. For most homes, we recommend a 1kg to 2.5kg ABE dry chemical powder extinguisher, which is suitable for:

• Class A fires (ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper and fabric)
• Class B fires (flammable liquids)
• Class E fires (energised electrical equipment)

Note that ABE powder extinguishers are not suitable for cooking oil fires (Class F); use a fire blanket for these. Learn the differences between fire extinguisher types in our blog.

Make sure every adult in the household knows how to use it. You can learn how in our step-by-step guide or through a fire safety training course.

Make Fire Safety Simple with Fullworks Fire Safety

Fire prevention at home does not need to be complicated. By reducing everyday fire hazards, keeping working smoke alarms installed, having a fire blanket and fire extinguisher on hand, and practising your escape plan, you can protect your home and keep your family safe.

At Fullworks Fire Safety, we supply Australian Standards-compliant home fire safety equipment with nationwide delivery. For households in Perth and across Western Australia, our qualified team can also advise on the right equipment for your property.

Browse our online store or get in touch today.

The information in this blog is general guidance only and does not replace professional advice, so please contact a qualified fire safety professional to assess the specific requirements for your premises.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common causes of house fires?

The most common causes of house fires are unattended cooking, faulty wiring and overloaded power boards, home heating such as portable heaters and electric blankets, smoking materials, and candles or oil burners left unattended. Most of these fires are preventable with simple daily habits and regular checks.

How often should I test my smoke alarms?

Test your smoke alarms once a month by pressing the test button, and clean the vents with a vacuum every six months. If your alarms have replaceable batteries, change them every year. Replace the whole smoke alarm every 10 years, as the sensors lose sensitivity over time.

What should I do if a pan catches fire?

Turn off the heat if it is safe to do so, then cover the pan completely with a fire blanket or a tight-fitting lid. Leave it covered until it has fully cooled. Never use water on an oil or fat fire, and never try to carry the burning pan outside. If the fire spreads, get out and call Triple Zero (000).

Are electric blankets safe to use?

Electric blankets are safe when they are in good condition and used correctly. Check them for damage before each winter season, lay them flat on the bed, and turn them off before you go to sleep. Replace any blanket with frayed cords, scorch marks, faulty controls, or that is more than 10 years old.

How do I make a home fire escape plan?

Draw a floor plan showing two escape routes from every room, choose a safe meeting place outside, and assign someone to help young children or anyone who needs assistance. Then practise your plan with fire drills at least twice a year, including at night. Read our guide to a home fire safety plan for more information.

How can I make my home fire safe for young children?

Keep matches, lighters and candles out of reach, use a fire screen in front of open fireplaces and heaters, and supervise children closely in the kitchen. Teach children what the smoke alarm sounds like, how to get low under smoke, and where to meet outside. Include them in your fire drills so they know exactly what to do.

Every business has fire risks, from electrical equipment and flammable materials to blocked exits and out-of-date extinguishers. A fire risk assessment helps you find those risks early, put the right fire safety measures in place and meet your obligations under Australian WHS laws. 

This guide explains how to complete a fire risk assessment step by step and includes a complete fire safety checklist you can use in your own workplace.

What is a Fire Risk Assessment?

A fire risk assessment is a structured review of your workplace that identifies potential fire hazards, evaluates the risk of fire occurring and checks whether your existing fire safety measures are adequate. It gives you a clear picture of where fire risks sit in your business and what you need to do to reduce them.

In Australia, businesses have a legal duty under work health and safety laws to identify hazards, manage risks and prepare an emergency plan for the workplace. A fire safety risk assessment is one of the most practical ways to meet those obligations and demonstrate regulatory compliance.

A thorough fire safety assessment helps you:

• Identify fire hazards before they cause fire incidents
• Evaluate risks to staff, visitors and contractors
• Confirm your fire safety equipment and fire protection systems are working and correctly maintained
• Put appropriate control measures in place to mitigate risks
• Prepare clear emergency procedures and evacuation procedures
• Keep records that support fire safety inspections and audits

Whether you run a small office, a retail store, a warehouse or a light industrial site, the process follows the same core steps. 

How to Complete a Fire Risk Assessment in Five Steps

A comprehensive fire risk assessment follows five steps. Work through them in order and document your findings as you go.

Step 1: Identify fire hazards

Fire needs three things:

• Ignition sources: Electrical equipment, faulty electrical systems, overloaded power boards, heaters, cooking appliances, open flames, hot work such as welding or grinding, and smoking areas
• Fuel sources: Flammable materials, combustible materials such as paper, cardboard, packaging and timber pallets, flammable liquids, gases and other hazardous materials
• Oxygen sources: Ventilation systems, open doors and windows, and oxygen cylinders or oxidising chemicals

Hazard identification starts by walking through every area of your premises and noting anything that could start or feed a fire. Pay close attention to high-risk areas such as kitchens, workshops, plant rooms, storage areas and waste collection points. 

Step 2: Identify people at risk

Next, consider who could be harmed if a fire occurs. This includes employees, visitors, customers, contractors, and anyone working alone or after hours. Give extra consideration to people who may need help to evacuate, such as people with a disability, people unfamiliar with the building, or anyone working in remote parts of the site.

Step 3: Evaluate risks and existing fire safety measures

For each hazard, evaluate both the likelihood of a fire occurring and the potential consequences if it does. A simple rating of low, medium or high is enough for most small businesses. Then review your existing fire safety measures and ask whether they are adequate for the identified risks:

• Are fire extinguishers, fire blankets and hose reels the right type, in the right locations and in date?
• Are smoke detectors, smoke alarms and fire alarm systems installed and tested?
• Are emergency lighting and exit signage working?
• Are escape routes and emergency exits clear and clearly marked?
• Are fire doors self-closing and kept shut?

Step 4: Apply control measures

Where existing safety measures fall short, put appropriate control measures in place to reduce fire risks. Under WHS law, you should work through the hierarchy of controls, starting with the most effective option:

1. Eliminate the hazard (remove unnecessary flammable materials).
2. Substitute it with something safer (use a less flammable cleaning product).
3. Isolate it (store flammable liquids in an approved cabinet away from ignition sources).
4. Use engineering controls (install fire detection, sprinkler systems or improved ventilation).
5. Use administrative controls (fire safety training, housekeeping rules, hot work permits).
6. Provide equipment and PPE (workplace fire safety equipment and protective gear).

Step 5: Record, plan, train and review

Record your significant findings, the control measures you have applied and who is responsible for each action. Use your findings to update your emergency plan, run fire drills and deliver fire safety training to staff.

Review your fire risk assessment at least once a year, and sooner if you change the layout of your premises, introduce new processes or equipment, store new hazardous materials, or experience a fire incident or near miss.

Learn more about basic fire safety in our recent guide that covers the essentials.

Fire Risk Assessment Checklist for Businesses

Use this fire safety checklist as a starting point for your own risk assessment template. Tick off each item as you inspect your premises and note any actions required.

Fire hazard identification

1. Flammable materials and combustible materials are stored away from ignition sources.
2. Flammable liquids and hazardous materials are kept in approved containers or cabinets.
3. Waste, packaging and cardboard are removed regularly and not left in walkways.
4. Electrical equipment is tested and tagged, with no damaged cords or overloaded power boards.
5. Hot work and open flames are controlled with a permit system.
6. Smoking is restricted to designated outdoor areas.

Fire safety equipment

1. Fire extinguishers are the correct type for the fire risks present (Class A, B, C, E or F).
2. Fire extinguishers and fire blankets are located and signed in line with AS 2444.
3. Fire blankets are installed in kitchens and staff rooms.
4. Hose reels and hydrants are accessible and unobstructed.
5. All fire fighting equipment has a current service tag, inspected and tested in line with AS 1851. Read our recent blog to learn how to read different fire extinguisher tags.

Fire detection and fire protection systems

1. Smoke detectors and smoke alarms are installed and tested.
2. Fire alarm systems are serviced and fault-free.
3. Sprinkler systems are maintained, and heads are not obstructed.
4. Emergency lighting and exit signs operate correctly and are tested in line with AS 2293.

Escape routes and fire doors

1. Escape routes and paths of travel are clear of obstructions.
2. Emergency exits open easily from the inside without a key.
3. Fire doors close fully, latch correctly and are never wedged open.
4. Evacuation diagrams are displayed and current.

Emergency preparedness and training

1. A written fire safety plan is in place and accessible to all workers.
2. Wardens or nominated safety personnel are appointed for each area or shift.
3. Fire drills are held at least once a year and the results recorded.
4. Staff have completed fire safety training, including how to use fire extinguishers.
5. A designated assembly area is set and known to all staff.

Records and review

1. Findings, actions and responsible persons are documented.
2. Servicing records for all fire safety systems are up to date.
3. A review date for the fire risk assessment is set.

Get Expert Help With Your Fire Risk Assessment

At Fullworks Fire Safety, we work with Perth businesses to make fire safety simple. We offer free fire safety surveys, evacuation plan preparation, servicing and testing to AS 1851, and our on-site First Line of Defence fire safety training.

Our qualified technicians can help you identify potential fire hazards, review your existing fire safety measures and recommend practical solutions at transparent prices.

Get in touch today to book your free survey.

The information in this blog is general guidance only and does not replace professional advice, so please contact a qualified fire safety professional to assess the specific requirements for your premises.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is a fire risk assessment a legal requirement in Australia?

Australian WHS laws require businesses to identify hazards, manage risks to health and safety, and prepare an emergency plan for the workplace. Fire is one of the key risks you must manage. A documented fire safety risk assessment is the most practical way to show you have met these duties. Building owners also have obligations under the National Construction Code and state building regulations to maintain essential fire safety systems.

Who should carry out a fire risk assessment?

A business owner, manager, or nominated person with a good understanding of the workplace can complete a fire risk assessment for a simple, low-risk premises. For larger sites, high-risk areas or premises that store hazardous materials, we recommend consulting fire safety professionals to make sure nothing is missed.

How often should I review my fire risk assessment?

Review your fire risk assessment at least once a year. You should also review it after any significant change, such as a new layout, new equipment, new processes, a change in the number of people on site, or after a fire incident or near miss.

What are the most common fire hazards in a workplace?

The most common fire hazards include faulty electrical systems and equipment, overloaded power boards, poor housekeeping, incorrectly stored flammable liquids, unattended cooking, heaters placed near combustible materials, and uncontrolled hot work such as welding or grinding.

How often do fire extinguishers need to be serviced?

Under AS 1851, portable fire extinguishers must be inspected and serviced every six months, with further testing at set intervals over the life of the extinguisher. Fire blankets, hose reels, emergency lighting and other fire safety systems also have set inspection and testing schedules under the Standard.

There's a common assumption in Australian workplaces that fire safety is someone else's responsibility. The building owner handles it, or the strata manager, or whoever last signed the compliance paperwork. But when a small fire starts in an early stage and the nearest extinguisher is out of date, overdue for service, or simply the wrong type, that assumption becomes a serious problem.

Fire Extinguishers: The Foundation of Workplace Fire Safety Equipment

Fire extinguishers are the first line of defence against small fires, and the type you choose matters more than most people realise. Under AS 2444:2001, selection and placement of portable extinguishers must reflect the nature of the fire risks present in your workplace.

The three most common types for office and commercial settings are:

• ABE Dry Chemical Powder – A versatile all-rounder suitable for Class A (paper, wood, cardboard), Class B (flammable liquids), and Class E (electrical) fires. Our 4.5kg ABE Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extinguisher is one of the most widely used options for general office environments.
• CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide) – Specifically designed for electrical fires and ideal around server rooms, switchboards, and areas with high concentrations of electronic equipment. With lithium-ion battery fires on the rise following incidents like the 2025 Cheltenham warehouse fire, CO₂ coverage has become increasingly important. Our 2kg CO₂ Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher suits these scenarios well.
• Wet Chemical – Required in commercial kitchens where cooking oils and fats present a Class F fire risk. Our 7Lt Wet Chemical Fire Extinguisher is designed for exactly this environment.

If you're unsure which extinguisher suits your workplace, we're happy to assist.

Fire Blankets for Kitchens and Personal Protection

A fire blanket is one of the simplest and most effective pieces of fire protection equipment available. It works by smothering a fire and cutting off its oxygen supply, making it ideal for containing small cooking fires or wrapping around a person if their clothing catches alight.

They're required to comply with AS 2444 and should be installed in kitchens and any area where cooking or heating equipment is present. Our 1.2m x 1.8m Fire Blanket is a practical and affordable option that meets Australian Standards requirements.

Fire Hose Reels for Larger Buildings

In bigger commercial buildings, fire hose reels provide a sustained water supply for first-attack firefighting on Class A fires involving paper, wood, and other combustibles. They're governed by AS 2441 and are typically required by the National Construction Code in buildings above a certain size.

Hose reels must be correctly installed, regularly tested, and clearly accessible. They're not a substitute for portable extinguishers but work well alongside them as part of a layered fire protection approach.

Smoke Detectors and Fire Alarm Systems

Early detection gives occupants time to evacuate and emergency services time to respond. Smoke alarms and heat detectors, installed and maintained to AS 1670.1-2018, are a mandatory part of most commercial building fire systems.

Interconnected, photoelectric smoke detectors are now the standard under the AS 3786:2023 update, ensuring that when one alarm activates, all alarms in the building respond. Our fire systems testing and servicing covers detection systems, alarm panels, and associated components.

Emergency and Exit Lighting

When a fire occurs, a power outage often follows. Emergency and exit lighting, required under AS 2293.1-2018, ensures occupants can safely locate exits and evacuation routes even without mains power.

This equipment needs regular testing to confirm battery backup systems are functional. We provide emergency and exit lighting testing and servicing to keep your building compliant with Australian Standards.

Fire Doors and Passive Fire Protection

Fire doors play a critical role in slowing the spread of fire and smoke through a building, giving occupants more time to evacuate safely. They must comply with AS 1905.1-2015 and AS 1530.4-2021 and require regular inspection to ensure seals, closers, and latches are all functioning correctly.

Passive fire protection is often overlooked compared to active equipment like extinguishers, but it forms an essential part of any building's overall fire safety system.

Sprinkler Systems

Sprinkler systems, designed to AS 2118, provide automated suppression and are particularly valuable in larger buildings or high-risk environments. They work alongside portable fire safety equipment to provide a more comprehensive level of protection.

Installation and maintenance of sprinkler systems requires specialist expertise. If your building has an existing system, ensuring it's regularly tested and serviced is essential.

Maintenance Tags and Anti-Tamper Seals

This one is easy to overlook, but it matters during an inspection. Under AS 1851:2023, all portable fire equipment must carry current service tags confirming it has been inspected and tested within the required intervals (typically every six months). Our fire equipment anti-tamper seals help demonstrate equipment integrity between service visits.

Keeping Your Workplace Equipment Compliant Year-Round

Buying the right equipment is only part of the job. Under the Model Work Health & Safety Regulations, every Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU) must ensure fire safety equipment is maintained and suitable for the risks present in the workplace.

That means scheduled fire extinguisher servicing at least every six months in line with AS 1851, along with regular checks on all other installed systems. It also means your team knows how to use the equipment. Our First Line of Defence fire safety training is a one-hour on-site course that gives your employees the confidence to act in an emergency.

If you're ready to review what your workplace has in place, get in touch with our team for straightforward advice and an obligation-free assessment.

The information provided in this article is intended as general guidance only and should not be considered a substitute for professional fire safety advice, compliance assessment, or a detailed inspection of your workplace. Fire safety requirements vary depending on your building type, occupancy, layout, risks, and applicable legislation and Australian Standards.

Frequently Asked Questions

What fire safety equipment is legally required in Australian offices?

Under the Model Work Health & Safety Regulations, all workplaces must provide and maintain fire-fighting equipment that is suitable for the nature of the work and associated risks. At minimum, this typically includes portable fire extinguishers, smoke detection, and emergency exit lighting. Requirements vary depending on building type, occupancy, and state or territory regulations.

What is the difference between an ABE and a CO₂ fire extinguisher?

An ABE extinguisher uses dry chemical powder and covers Class A (combustibles like paper and wood), Class B (flammable liquids), and Class E (electrical) fires. A CO₂ extinguisher uses pressurised carbon dioxide and is designed specifically for Class E electrical fires. CO₂ leaves no residue, making it preferable around sensitive electronics.

How often must workplace fire equipment be serviced?

Under AS 1851:2023, portable fire equipment including extinguishers must be inspected and serviced at six-monthly intervals. Fixed systems such as sprinklers, alarms, and emergency lighting also have specific testing schedules under the same standard.

Can I use a fire blanket on electrical fires?

A fire blanket is not recommended for electrical fires. It is designed to smother Class A fires and Class F cooking fires. For electrical fires, a CO₂ extinguisher is the correct piece of equipment to use.

How many fire extinguishers does my workplace need?

The number required depends on your building's floor area, layout, occupancy, and the types of fire risks present. AS 2444:2018 provides guidance on selection and placement. If you're unsure, we recommend speaking with a qualified fire safety technician to assess your specific requirements.

Fire incidents happen fast. According to the Fire & Rescue NSW Annual Report 2024/25, emergency services attended 143,927 incidents in 2024-25, including 4,587 residential structure fires in NSW alone. In many of those cases, first-attack firefighting equipment, including fire hose reels and portable fire extinguishers, made the difference between a minor incident and a major one.

So if your building has a fire hose reel installed, knowing how to use a fire hose reel correctly is genuinely worth your time.

What Is a Fire Hose Reel and How Does It Work?

A fire hose reel is a fixed piece of fire protection equipment mounted to the wall of a building. It consists of a reel of 36 metres of 19 mm non-kinking tubing connected directly to the building's water supply. When activated, it delivers a continuous supply of water at a minimum flow rate of 0.33 litres per second at 220 kPa, as required under AS 2441-2016.

The key components are straightforward:

• A stop valve that controls water flow (open and closed positions)
• A nozzle offering jet or fog spray patterns
• A hose guide that keeps the hose directed as you unreel it
• An anti-tamper seal that confirms the equipment hasn't been interfered with

Unlike portable fire extinguishers, which have limited capacity, a fire hose reel provides a continuous water flow for as long as the building's water supply holds. That makes it particularly suited to commercial and industrial settings where a fire could grow quickly if not controlled early. According to AS 2441, a properly positioned reel provides coverage up to a 40 metre radius from its location.

Australian Regulations: When Must You Have One?

Under the National Construction Code (NCC) Volume 1, clause E1D3, fire hose reels must be installed in any fire compartment exceeding 500 m², or on any storey with a floor area above that threshold. Building codes also require them to be installed and maintained to AS 2441, with ongoing fire safety equipment servicing carried out to AS 1851-2012.

If you manage strata, commercial, or industrial premises, it's worth confirming with your fire safety provider that your installation meets current NCC requirements. Council enforcement and insurance compliance are two areas where gaps in this area tend to surface at the worst possible time.

Step-by-Step: How to Use a Fire Hose Reel Safely

Only attempt to use a fire hose reel if you have received proper training, the fire is small and in its early stages, and an exit is always behind you.

1. Raise the alarm and call 000. Always alert others and contact emergency services before attempting first-attack firefighting.
2. Confirm the fire type. Only use a fire hose reel on Class A fires (ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, and most plastics). Step back if you're unsure.
3. Break the anti-tamper seal and turn the stop valve fully to the open position.
4. Pull the hose towards the fire, unreeling the full hose length to avoid kinks that restrict water flow.
5. Squeeze the nozzle to test the spray away from the fire first, then direct a steady stream at the base of the fire in a sweeping motion.
6. Once the fire is controlled, close the nozzle, return the valve to the closed position, and rewind the hose evenly back onto the reel.

Keep a clear path to an exit at all times. If the fire grows or smoke becomes heavy, leave immediately and let the fire brigade handle it.

Can Fire Hose Reels be Used by Anyone?

Technically, any competent person can operate a fire hose reel. In practice, the question of "can fire hose reels be used by anyone" has a compliance dimension that businesses need to understand.

Under the NSW WHS Regulation 2017, a PCBU (person conducting a business or undertaking) is required to provide instruction and training to workers. AS 3745-2021 (Planning for Emergencies in Facilities) further recommends that occupants designated as part of a First-Attack Firefighting Team receive practical training at least every two years.

So while the equipment itself isn't restricted, your organisation has a legal duty to ensure people know how to use it properly before an emergency. That includes signage, training records, and a clear safety plan for your premises.

When Not to Use a Fire Hose Reel

This is important. Fire hose reels are not suitable for all fire scenarios.

Do not use a fire hose reel on:

• Electrical fires: Water conducts electricity. Using a hose reel near live electrical equipment creates a serious electrocution risk. Use a CO₂ or dry powder extinguisher instead.
• Class B fires (flammable liquids): Water can spread burning liquids, making the fire larger and more dangerous.

These limitations are among the most common sources of confusion in workplaces. It's also worth noting that with the rise of lithium-ion battery fires across Australian workplaces and homes, having the right combination of fire equipment, including both water-based reels and appropriate extinguisher types, has become increasingly important.

Keeping Your Fire Hose Reel Compliant: Inspection Requirements

Owning a fire hose reel isn't a set-and-forget arrangement. AS 1851-2012 Section 9 sets out the following routine inspection and servicing schedule:

Staying on top of fire safety equipment testing is a compliance requirement, not just a recommendation. Missed inspections can affect your insurance coverage and put you at risk of council fire safety orders.

Get Your Fire Hose Reel Serviced with Confidence

At Fullworks Fire Safety, we provide scheduled fire safety equipment servicing and fire safety equipment testing for businesses across Perth Metro and Western Australia. Our fully qualified technicians carry out all work to AS 1851-2012, with transparent pricing and same-day documentation. If you're not sure your hose reels are compliant or you need a free initial survey, contact us and we'll get you sorted.

Good fire safety doesn't have to be complicated. We make it simple.

Disclaimer: This information is general guidance only and does not replace professional fire safety advice or training. Always follow current Australian Standards and site-specific procedures, and call 000 in an emergency. 

Frequently Asked Questions

Can fire hose reels be used on electrical fires?

No. Water conducts electricity, making it dangerous to use a fire hose reel near live electrical equipment. For electrical fires, use a CO₂ or dry powder extinguisher instead.

How far does a standard fire hose reel reach?

A standard fire hose reel contains 36 metres of hose. Combined with the effective water throw from the nozzle, AS 2441 specifies a coverage radius of up to 40 metres from the reel location.

Do I need training to use a fire hose reel?

Yes. Under the NSW WHS Regulation 2017 (r.43), employers must provide instruction and training in the use of fire equipment. AS 3745-2021 recommends practical drills for designated first-attack teams at least every two years.

How often should fire hose reels be inspected in Australia?

AS 1851-2012 requires a monthly visual check, a six-monthly functional test, an annual flow and pressure test, and a five-yearly hydrostatic pressure test.

Are fire hose reels required in all commercial buildings?

Not in all buildings. Under the National Construction Code Volume 1 clause E1D3, fire hose reels are required where a fire compartment or storey exceeds 500 m² in floor area. Smaller offices below that threshold are not generally required to have them installed.

Take a look at the fire extinguisher nearest to you. Hanging from the handle or attached to the cylinder, there's a small tag. Most people walk past it every single day without a second thought. But that little tag tells you everything about your extinguisher's service history, and for Australian businesses, reading it correctly matters for compliance.

Under Australian Standard AS 1851-2012, all portable fire extinguishers must carry a service tag as part of their routine maintenance record. Knowing how to read a fire extinguisher tag is a straightforward skill, and this guide walks you through exactly what to look for.

Why Tags Matter for WHS Compliance

Fire extinguisher tags aren't just an administrative formality. They're a legal record.

AS 1851-2012 requires each extinguisher to carry a permanently marked tag documenting when the last service was performed and when the next one is due. The tag must be securely attached with a minimum retention force of 200 N, which means simple cable-ties don't meet the standard. 

From a workplace safety standpoint, the stakes are tangible. In some Australian jurisdictions, a single defective or out-of-date extinguisher can attract on-the-spot fines. According to the SafeWork NSW penalty schedule, fines can reach up to $3,600 per unit under 2025 WHS regulations. Keeping tags current and legible is one of the simplest ways to stay prepared for an audit.

The Anatomy of an AS 1851 Service Tag

Standard Australian service tags are typically yellow aluminium and follow a consistent layout. Once you know the format, reading them takes seconds.

The month and year grid

The tag displays a grid with months listed across the top and years running down the side. When a qualified technician completes a service, they punch a hole or stamp through the box corresponding to the month and year the work was performed. This creates a permanent, tamper-evident record of your extinguisher's service history.

Once all the date boxes are filled (roughly after 12 months of inspections), the technician attaches a new service tag and carries the most recent 12 months of records forward.

Service level numbers explained

Alongside the date punch, the technician marks the level of service completed. According to Firewize's technical guidance on date stamps, the service levels are

• Level 1: Six-monthly routine inspection.
• Level 2: Annual inspection, more comprehensive than Level 1.
• Level 3: Internal inspection of the extinguisher cylinder.
• Level 4: Five-yearly hydrostatic pressure test and recharge.
• Level 5: Discharge test, typically combined with other service levels.

Each number gives you an immediate picture of what was done and when.

Anti-tamper seals

Many service companies also attach colour-coded anti-tamper seals to the extinguisher pin or handle. The colour rotates with each service visit, so facility managers and auditors can see at a glance that all units on a site were serviced in the same period. 

Checking Your Extinguisher in Under a Minute

You don't need to be a technician to perform a basic tag check. Here's what to look for:

1. Locate the tag. It should be attached to the handle or body of the extinguisher.
2. Find the most recent punch or stamp. Check the month and year. Is it within the last six months?
3. Check the service level number. A "1" means a Level 1 six-monthly inspection was completed.
4. Look at the cylinder body. A manufacture date is stamped directly onto the cylinder. Under AS 2337.1 and the AS 1851 service schedule, extinguishers older than 10 years, or those without a pressure test in the past five years, must be pressure tested or replaced.
5. Assess the tag condition. Is it legible, firmly attached, and undamaged?

Under AS 1851 Table 1.16.2, inspections need to occur within one month either side of the due date to remain compliant. So if your last Level 1 inspection was in January, the next service needs to happen no later than the end of August.

What to Do If the Tag Is Missing or Illegible

An extinguisher without a legible, compliant tag is considered non-compliant until a full annual service is carried out. The service history can't be reconstructed from memory or assumption.

If you find extinguishers on your site without tags, contact a qualified technician promptly. They'll complete the required service, fit a compliant aluminium service tag, and issue the appropriate documentation. AS 1851 recommends retaining service records for seven years, which is the higher benchmark compared to some state-based requirements (Queensland's Building Fire Safety Regulation 2008, for instance, specifies two years as a minimum).

Staying on Schedule Throughout the Year

For most businesses, six-monthly extinguisher servicing covers the regular Level 1 inspections, with the annual Level 2 typically combined with one of those visits. Every five years, a Level 4 pressure test is required, involving a full recharge of the extinguisher agent.

Only technicians holding the relevant accreditation (units CPPFES2020 and CPPFES2026, or FPA Australia FPAS accreditation) are authorised to service extinguishers and complete the formal tag record.

It's also worth ensuring your team knows how to actually use the equipment. According to a Fire & Safety Australia survey, fewer than 50% of Australians feel confident using an extinguisher, and only 13% can identify the different extinguisher types. A current service tag matters, but confident people behind the equipment matter just as much. Our First Line of Defence fire safety training course is a practical one-hour on-site session that addresses exactly that. You can also browse our full range of compliant portable fire extinguishers if your existing equipment needs replacing.

A Small Tag with a Big Job

Reading a fire extinguisher tag doesn't require specialist knowledge. A few seconds of attention tells you when your equipment was last inspected, what service was performed, and when the next one is due. For anyone managing fire safety compliance, it's one of the easiest checks to build into a regular routine.

If you're unsure about the status of your equipment or need to schedule a service, get in touch with us at Fullworks Fire Safety. We provide scheduled fire equipment servicing across Perth Metro and supply AS 1851-compliant tags and accessories nationwide.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should a fire extinguisher be serviced in Australia?

Portable fire extinguishers require a Level 1 inspection every six months and a more comprehensive Level 2 annual inspection, in accordance with AS 1851-2012. Every five years, a Level 4 hydrostatic pressure test and recharge is also required. Your qualified technician will keep your service tag up to date and advise when each interval is approaching.

What do the service level numbers on a tag mean?

The numbers indicate the type of service completed at that visit. Level 1 is the six-monthly routine inspection, Level 2 is the annual inspection, Level 3 is an internal cylinder inspection, Level 4 is the five-yearly pressure test and recharge, and Level 5 is a discharge test. Each number is marked alongside the date the service was performed, so the tag builds a clear service history over time.

Do I have to replace the tag every year?

Not necessarily. A tag is replaced when all the date boxes have been filled, which typically takes around 12 months of regular inspections. When the technician fits a new tag, they carry forward the most recent 12 months of records from the old one, so there's no gap in your service history.

Who is authorised to punch or stamp a fire extinguisher tag?

Only qualified technicians holding units CPPFES2020 and CPPFES2026, or those with FPA Australia FPAS accreditation, are authorised to service extinguishers and complete the tag record. Tags completed by unqualified personnel do not meet AS 1851 requirements and render the extinguisher non-compliant.

Does a home fire extinguisher need a service tag?

AS 1851-2012 applies primarily to commercial and industrial premises, so the formal tag requirements may not legally apply to a residential extinguisher purchased for personal use. That said, regular servicing is still recommended to ensure your home equipment will function reliably if you ever need it. A periodic inspection by a qualified technician gives you confidence that everything is in working order.

If you manage a commercial building, strata complex, or industrial premises in Australia, chances are you have fire doors on site. But what exactly makes a door a fire safety door, and why does the distinction matter for building compliance?

This guide breaks it all down, from how a fire safety door works through to signage requirements, inspection schedules, and who is authorised to certify one.

How a Fire Safety Door Works

A fire safety door is a purpose-built doorset rated to resist the spread of fire and smoke for a defined period. Unlike a standard interior door, every component is specifically tested together as a system. That includes the door leaf (the panel itself), the frame, the seals, self-closing hardware, and any glazed panels.

The door leaf is typically constructed from fire-resistant materials such as treated timber, steel, or a composite core. Intumescent seals run around the edge of the leaf and expand when exposed to heat, sealing the gap between the door and frame to block the passage of smoke and flames. Self-closing mechanisms ensure the door returns to its closed position automatically, which is central to how the system performs under the requirements of the National Construction Code.

Smoke doors operate on a similar principle but are tested to resist smoke rather than fire itself. They are commonly installed in stairwells, corridors, and other paths of travel where smoke control is the priority.

Australian Standards and NCC Requirements

AS 1905.1: construction standards

Under NCC 2022 Volume 1, Specification 12, all required fire doors must comply with AS 1905.1-2015, which covers the construction of fire-resistant doorsets. This standard sets out exactly how a doorset must be built and tested to achieve a Fire Resistance Level (FRL) rating.

Each compliant doorset is required to carry a metal identification tag, showing the test report number, the FRL rating, the manufacturer, and the year of construction (per AS 1905.1, Clause 4.5). This tag is what confirms the door is a certified product, not simply a door that looks the part.

AS 1851: inspection and maintenance schedules

Having a compliant fire door installed is only part of the equation. Routine testing and inspections are governed by AS 1851-2012 (Section 17), which requires:

• An operational test every 3 months, checking that the door closes and latches correctly.
• A detailed inspection every 12 months, covering seals, hardware, frame condition, clearances, and signage.

These inspections need to be recorded in a log. If your building requires an Annual Essential Services report, your fire door records will form part of that documentation. Our team provides fire door testing in Perth and can keep your building on schedule and compliant.

Mandatory Fire Safety Door Signage

Signage is a compliance requirement, not a suggestion. The wording, placement, and format of fire safety door signs are set out in NCC Volume 1, Part D2.23.

The required wording depends on the door's function:

• Self-closing fire doors must display: FIRE SAFETY DOOR – DO NOT OBSTRUCT – DO NOT KEEP OPEN
• Doors from fire-isolated exits must display: FIRE SAFETY DOOR – DO NOT OBSTRUCT

The lettering must be legible and placed on both sides of the door where required. 

Fire safety door signage that is missing, damaged, or showing incorrect wording is a common audit finding. If you need help with correct installation, our fire equipment sign installation guide covers what's required.

Fire Safety Door Accreditation – Who Can Install or Sign Off?

This is where things vary across Australia, and it pays to understand your state's requirements.

Western Australia has no dedicated fire door licence class. Installation must be carried out by a registered builder or under the supervision of a qualified person. Certification is generally provided by a building surveyor or an FPAS-accredited Fire Safety Assessor through the FPA Australia programme.

Queensland has specific QBCC Passive Fire Protection licence classes that cover both installation and certification of fire doors, so you'll need to confirm the credentials of anyone carrying out this work.

New South Wales updated its framework in February 2025. Installation and maintenance can now be carried out by non-accredited persons, but the Annual Fire Safety Statement must still be signed off by an accredited Fire Safety Practitioner.

If you're unsure about the requirements for your premises, Fullworks Fire Safety offers free fire safety surveys to help you identify what's in place and what may need attention.

What We See Going Wrong with Fire Doors in WA

Fire door compliance is an area where small issues can go unnoticed until an audit or insurance renewal brings them to light. A 2024 DMIRS audit of WA apartment buildings found that a significant proportion of buildings had fire doors that failed the closure test, meaning the door did not fully close and latch from an open position.

Common issues we encounter include:

• Doors propped open or held by wedges, disabling the self-closing function.
• Intumescent seals that have been painted over or are missing altogether.
• Incorrect or absent fire safety door signage.
• Modifications to the door leaf (holes drilled, hardware changed) that void the original certification.
• No record of inspections being carried out.

If your building hasn't had a fire door servicing check recently, it's worth scheduling one before your next Essential Services inspection or insurance renewal. A fire safety survey is a good starting point if you're not sure where your building currently stands.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the difference between a fire door and a fire safety door?

In Australian buildings, the terms are generally used interchangeably. Technically, a "fire safety door" is the term used in the NCC and on required signage, while "fire door" is more commonly used in everyday conversation and trade. Both refer to a doorset that has been tested and certified to resist fire and smoke for a rated period. The key is that the door is a certified system, not just a solid or heavy door.

Do all fire safety doors in Australia need the "Do Not Obstruct" sign?

Yes. Under NCC Part D2.23, all fire safety doors must display approved signage. The exact wording depends on the door type. Self-closing doors within a building require both "DO NOT OBSTRUCT" and "DO NOT KEEP OPEN," while doors from fire-isolated exits require "DO NOT OBSTRUCT" only. Missing or incorrect signage is a compliance failure.

How often must a fire safety door be inspected under AS 1851?

AS 1851-2012 requires an operational test every 3 months and a detailed inspection every 12 months. Both must be documented. Buildings subject to Essential Services reporting will need these records available for sign-off.

Who is qualified to certify or tag a fire safety door in Western Australia?

In WA, there is no dedicated fire door licence. Certification is typically carried out by a registered building surveyor or an FPAS-accredited Fire Safety Assessor under the FPA Australia programme. Always confirm credentials before accepting a certification.

Can I paint, drill, or modify a fire safety door leaf?

No. Any modification to the door leaf, frame, or hardware, including painting over seals, drilling holes, or fitting additional hardware not covered in the original test report, can void the door's FRL certification. If modifications are needed, you'll need to consult the original manufacturer or a qualified assessor before proceeding.

Most people assume a house fire won't happen to them. The reality is that across Australia, an average of 64 preventable residential fire deaths occur every year, according to a Bushfire & Natural Hazards CRC study covering 2003 to 2023. The good news is that basic home fire safety doesn't require expert knowledge or a large budget. It requires awareness, the right equipment, and a simple plan.

Whether you're in Perth, regional Western Australia, or anywhere else in the country, the fundamentals are the same. A strong understanding of fire safety starts with the basics. This informative blog is a great place to begin, helping you learn what to look for, how to reduce risks and why fire safety matters in everyday life.

1. Fire Prevention Starts with Awareness

You can't protect against a risk you’re not aware exists. In homes across Western Australia, the most common ignition sources include:

• Cooking: Nationally, 49% of residential fires start in the kitchen (AFAC Residential Fire Data Summary 2024). Never leave cooking unattended, and keep tea towels and other flammables well away from the stovetop.
• Faulty wiring and electrical faults: According to the Department of Fire and Emergencies, electrical faults have been a leading cause of house fires in WA, with lithium-ion battery failures now an emerging hazard. 
• Heaters and open fires: Portable heaters placed too close to curtains or bedding, and unattended candles or oil burners, are consistent contributors to home fires.
• Smoking materials: Unextinguished cigarettes remain a significant risk, particularly in bed or on soft furnishings.

Awareness is the starting point. Once you know where the danger is, you can take steps to reduce it.

2. Install and Maintain Working Smoke Alarms

A smoke alarm is one of the simplest and most effective forms of protection your home can have.

In Western Australia, the law requires all homes being sold, rented, or hired to have mains-powered or 10-year lithium-battery smoke alarms installed on every storey, and the alarms must be less than 10 years old. You can read the full requirements on the WA Building & Energy smoke alarm laws page.

Smoke alarms should comply with AS 3786:2023, which covers the design and installation standards. 

It is good to note that if your smoke alarm references AS3786:2014, it is still applicable in WA and remains the baseline for WA’s building regulations.

Test your alarms monthly, replace batteries annually (unless they're sealed 10-year units), and replace the entire unit after 10 years.

3. Equip Your Home with the Right Fire Safety Equipment

Smoke alarms alert you. The right firefighting equipment gives you the ability to respond to the fire before it spreads.

A well-equipped home should include:

• A fire extinguisher: An ABE dry chemical powder extinguisher is suitable for Class A (combustibles), Class B (flammable liquids), and Class E (electrical) fires, making it a practical all-rounder for domestic use. Mount it in an accessible location, and make sure everyone in the house knows where it is.
• A fire blanket: Ideal for smothering small cooking fires or wrapping around a person if clothing catches alight. Our 1m x 1m fire blanket is a popular choice for kitchens and is straightforward to use.
• Hose reels: For properties with hose reel systems, ensure they are serviced regularly and accessible.

If you're not sure where to start, our basic home fire safety kit bundles the essentials together, and can be delivered right to your door, wherever you're based in Australia. 

It’s important to check that all your fire-related equipment complies with the relevant Australian Standards and is serviced in line with AS 1851:2022, which covers routine servicing of fire protection systems.

4. Create a Home Fire Escape Plan

Having a home fire safety plan means your household knows exactly what to do if a fire starts, without having to think under pressure.

A solid home fire escape plan includes:

• Two exit routes from every room wherever possible. A small fire can engulf an entire room in two to three minutes, leaving little time to escape, so it’s important to have at least two exits.
• A designated meeting point outside (e.g., the front letterbox or a neighbour's driveway). It’s important to have a meeting point, as it eliminates the chaos of scattered people outside and allows for quick headcounts.
• It’s important to make sure windows can always be opened from the inside. If not, things could become very dangerous if the exit door is blocked. If you lock your windows or security screens regularly, leave the keys either in or near the lock so no one becomes trapped. 
• A firm rule to be established: once you're out, do not re-enter the building for any reason.

Practice your plan with all household members, including children. Fire drills at home feel unnecessary until they're not. AS 3745:2021 covers emergency planning and procedures, and while it's primarily aimed at commercial buildings, the principles translate directly to home fire escape planning.

If you'd like help preparing a formal evacuation plan, we offer fire evacuation plan consulting for homes and businesses throughout Perth.

5. Electrical and Heating Safety

A few straightforward habits significantly reduce electrical fire risk at home:

• Use safety switches on all circuits and test them every three months
• Avoid double adaptors and overloaded power boards
• Don't leave electric blankets on while you sleep, and replace any with frayed cords
• Clean your clothes dryer's lint filter after every use
• Have faulty wiring or appliances inspected by a qualified electrician before continued use

With more Australians using portable heaters during winter, it's worth noting that heater-related incidents have been increasing. Keep heaters at least one metre from anything flammable, and never leave them running unattended.

6. What to Do When a Fire Starts

If a fire starts in your home, stay calm and act quickly. The sequence is straightforward:

1. Alert everyone in the building immediately.
2. Call emergency services on 000.
3. If the fire is small and contained, use your fire extinguisher or fire blanket, following the manufacturer's instructions.
4. If the fire is spreading or you have any doubt about safety, leave immediately using your planned escape routes.
5. Close doors behind you to slow the spread of smoke and flames.
6. Once outside, stay outside.

Never attempt to fight a fire that has grown beyond a very early stage. Your life and the well-being of your household matter far more than any possessions or property.

Basic Home Fire Safety Checklist

Use this checklist to assess your home's readiness:

• Smoke alarms are installed on every storey and were tested recently.
• Smoke alarms less than 10 years old and compliant with AS 3786:2014 or AS3786:2023.
• Fire extinguisher mounted in an accessible location.
• Fire blanket stored in or near the kitchen.
• Home fire escape plan discussed and practised with all household members.
• Two exit routes identified from each room.
• Safety switches installed and tested.
• Electrical appliances and wiring in good condition.
• Clothes dryer lint filter cleaned regularly.
• Candles, oil burners, and heaters are used safely and never left unattended.

Why is Basic Home Fire Safety Important?

Overall, basic home fire safety is an essential part of keeping your household protected. While fires can happen unexpectedly, simple precautions such as maintaining smoke alarms, keeping exits clear, using appliances safely and having an escape plan can greatly reduce the risk and help everyone respond quickly in an emergency.

By making fire safety part of your everyday routine, you can create a safer home environment and give yourself greater peace of mind. A few small habits can make a significant difference when it comes to protecting your family, your pets and your property.

For personalised advice or to book a free fire safety survey, get in touch with our team. If you want to learn more about home fire safety, we offer on-site training in Perth to equip your household with the skills to respond confidently in an emergency.

Frequently Asked Questions

What fire safety equipment is required by law in WA homes?

Western Australian law requires working smoke alarms on every storey of a home being sold, rented, or hired. These must be mains-powered or fitted with a 10-year lithium battery and must be less than 10 years old.

Another requirement is installing Residual Current Devices (RCDs) in your home’s switchboard. These can prevent electric shocks and electrically caused fires by monitoring the electrical current flowing through the wires in your circuit. If it detects an imbalance (such as electricity leaking to the ground), it instantly cuts the power. It is a life-saving mechanism, and WA law requires at least 2 RCDs to be installed in homes.

While fire extinguishers and fire blankets are not legally mandated in all private residences, they are strongly recommended as part of basic home fire safety.

How many smoke alarms do I need in a two-storey house?

You need at least one smoke alarm on each storey. Positioning them in hallways near bedrooms and on the ground floor is generally recommended. Check the WA Building & Energy guidelines for your specific situation, as requirements can vary depending on when the home was built.

Can I service my own fire extinguisher?

Basic checks, such as inspecting the pressure gauge and checking for visible damage, can be done by the homeowner. However, formal servicing to meet the requirements of Australian Standard AS 1851:2022 must be carried out by a qualified technician. We recommend having your extinguisher professionally serviced at the intervals specified on the unit or by your technician.

How often should I replace a fire blanket?

Fire blankets are designed for single-use only. Once exposed to flame or hot oils, the flame-retardant material is compromised, so you must replace it immediately after any use (or if they show signs of damage or deterioration). Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for your specific product. As a general guide, a fire blanket that is well stored and undamaged can last around 5-10 years, but it's worth checking it periodically as part of your regular home fire safety review.

Living in Western Australia means understanding bushfire safety isn't optional. If you're in the Perth Hills, South-West region, or on a lifestyle block in the Wheatbelt, fire season brings real risk. A bushfire safety plan gives your household clear steps to follow when fire threatens, removing the guesswork from what's already a stressful situation.

At Fullworks Fire Safety, we work with families and businesses across WA to support their fire preparedness. While we can't predict when a bushfire will occur, we can help you prepare for it.

Why Every WA Household Needs a Bushfire Safety Plan

Bushfires in Western Australia can ignite quickly. Dry thunderstorms, machinery sparks, or sudden wind changes can turn a quiet afternoon into an emergency. When smoke appears on the horizon or an official warning comes through, you don't have time to sit down and figure out what to do next.

A written bushfire safety plan means everyone in your household already knows their role. You've decided in advance whether you'll leave early or stay to defend your property. You've mapped out evacuation routes, packed an emergency kit, and talked through the plan with your children. That preparation removes panic from the equation.

For those in bushfire-prone areas, having a documented plan is becoming increasingly important. Insurance providers often ask for evidence of bushfire preparedness when underwriting rural properties, and local fire services personnel encourage every household to create one before bushfire season begins.

Bushfire Safety Plan vs Bushfire Survival Plan: Same Goal, Different Words

You might see both terms used interchangeably, and that's because they refer to the same thing. In WA literature, the Department of Fire and Emergency Services (DFES) often uses "bushfire survival plan," while nationally you'll hear "bushfire safety plan" more frequently.

Both describe a short written document that sets out your household's response to bushfire danger. The name matters less than having the plan itself. What counts is sitting down with your family, making decisions together, and writing everything down so it's clear when the time comes to act.

Key Elements Your Bushfire Safety Plan Must Cover

Your bushfire plan needs to answer several critical questions before fire danger becomes reality.

Your trigger to act

Decide what will prompt you to put the plan into action. This might be when the daily fire danger rating reaches Extreme, when you see smoke, or when DFES issues a Watch and Act warning for your area. Be specific so there's no confusion on the day.

Leave early or stay and defend

This is the most important decision in your plan. Leaving early means departing the night before or early morning on days of Catastrophic fire danger. Staying to defend requires proper preparation, suitable property conditions, and the physical and mental capacity to protect your home. There's no middle ground, and changing your mind once fire is close puts you in the most dangerous position.

Where you'll go

If you're leaving, identify a safer location away from bushfire risk areas. This might be a friend's place in the suburbs, a community evacuation centre, or a hotel in town. Write down the address and make sure everyone knows how to get there.

Your evacuation routes

Plan your primary route and at least one back-up route in case roads are blocked. Drive these routes during the day so you're familiar with them, and consider what they'd be like at night or in heavy smoke.

What you'll take

List the essentials: medications, important documents, phone chargers, water, and your emergency kit. Keep these items together so you can grab them quickly.

Household roles

Assign tasks to each person. Who's responsible for pets? Who'll close windows and clear gutters? Who monitors Emergency WA for updates? Children should have age-appropriate roles so they feel involved and know what's expected.

Essential contacts

Write down phone numbers for 000, your local brigade, neighbours, schools, vets, and family members. Mobile networks can fail during emergencies, so having a written list matters.

When to Put the Plan into Action: Fire Danger Ratings & DFES Warnings

Western Australia uses the Australian Fire Danger Rating System, which provides a daily fire danger rating across four colour-coded levels: Moderate (blue), High (yellow), Extreme (orange), and Catastrophic (red). You'll see these ratings displayed on signs throughout regional WA and updated daily on the Emergency WA website.

Moderate and High days still require attention. Keep your property maintained, stay informed, and be ready to act if conditions change.

Extreme days mean fires can start quickly and spread fast. If your plan says you'll leave when the rating hits Extreme, that's the time to go. Don't wait for smoke or official warnings.

Catastrophic is the highest level. On these days, if fire starts, it will be uncontrollable and extremely dangerous. The only safe option is to leave the night before or early in the morning. Even well-prepared homes may not be defendable under Catastrophic conditions.

DFES also issues three levels of official warnings when a fire is burning:

• Advice: A fire has started but there's no immediate danger. Stay informed and be ready to act.
• Watch and Act: Conditions are changing and you need to take action now. If your plan says to leave, go immediately.
• Emergency Warning: You're in danger and need to act to survive. Follow your plan or seek shelter if it's too late to leave.

Your bushfire safety plan should link directly to these ratings and warning levels. When you've decided in advance what each level means for your household, you remove the emotional weight of making that decision under pressure.

How to Create Your Plan Today (Free Tools & Checklists)

Getting started is simpler than you might think. DFES provides free resources designed specifically for WA households.

The My Bushfire Plan web app and mobile app guide you through each section step by step. You can build your plan on your phone or computer, save it, and share it with family members. The app also sends reminders to review your plan each year.

If you prefer a printed version, download the Prepare Act Survive booklet from the DFES website. It includes templates and checklists you can fill out by hand.

Once you've chosen your tool, walk around your property. Note where water sources are located, check that gutters are clear, and identify defendable spaces. This physical inspection helps you understand your property's strengths and vulnerabilities.

Next, pack your emergency kit. Include a first aid kit, protective clothing, a torch, a battery-powered radio, and spare phone batteries. Store everything in an accessible spot so you're not searching for items when you need to leave.

Sit down with your household and discuss the plan. Talk through each person's role, practise evacuation routes, and make sure children understand what will happen. Pets and livestock need consideration too. Where will they go? Who's responsible for them? Write it all down.

Keeping the Plan Current: Review, Practice, Update

Your bushfire safety plan isn't a one-time task. Life changes, properties change, and fire risk changes with them.

Review your plan each spring before bushfire season begins. Check that contact numbers are still current, evacuation routes haven't changed, and your emergency kit is stocked. If you've moved house, had children, or acquired pets since you last updated the plan, those changes need to be reflected.

Practise your plan at least once a year. Walk through the steps with your household. Time how long it takes to pack the car and leave. Drive your evacuation routes during the day and again at dusk so everyone's familiar with them in different conditions.

If you're part of a local Bushfire Ready Group, attending community meetings can provide valuable updates on fire risk in your area and connect you with neighbours who share your concerns. Many councils across Western Australia host these groups, and they're a practical way to stay informed and emotionally prepared.

Gear That Supports Your Bushfire Plan

Having the right equipment on hand supports your plan, whether you're leaving early or staying to defend.

Fire extinguishers are essential for tackling small spot fires before they spread. ABE dry chemical extinguishers handle multiple fire types and are suitable for most residential properties. Backpack sprayers give you mobility to move around your property and extinguish embers.

Fire blankets provide a quick response to small fires in and around the home, and they're simple enough for older children to use under supervision. Keep them accessible in your kitchen and near outdoor areas.

First aid kits stocked with burn treatments, bandages, and basic medical supplies belong in every household, not just for bushfire season but year-round. Make sure yours is current and everyone knows where it's stored.

If you're unsure what equipment suits your property or bushfire plan, our team can provide advice. We supply Australian-Standard certified gear across all fire safety zones in WA, with nationwide delivery available. You can contact us to discuss your specific needs, or explore our range of fire protection services to see how we support households and businesses across Western Australia.

Being Prepared Means Being Ready to Act

Bushfire safety comes down to preparation, not luck. A written plan removes uncertainty, gives your household clear direction, and ensures everyone knows their role when fire danger is real.

Western Australia's bushfire season demands respect and readiness. Whether you live in a high-risk area or further from the bush, having a plan means you're not making critical decisions under pressure. You've already decided what you'll do, where you'll go, and what you'll take with you.

Start your plan today using the free tools available through DFES. Walk your property, pack your kit, and sit down with your family to talk it through. Then review it each spring and update it whenever your circumstances change.

At Fullworks Fire Safety, we work with families and businesses across WA to support their fire preparedness. While we can't predict when a bushfire will occur, we can help you prepare for it.

Fire season will come around again. The question is whether you'll be ready for it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What should be in a basic emergency kit for bushfire safety?

Your emergency kit should include a first aid kit with burn treatments, prescription medications, important documents in a waterproof container, a battery-powered radio, a torch with spare batteries, phone chargers and power banks, bottled water, non-perishable food, protective clothing including long sleeves and sturdy boots, wool blankets, and a list of emergency contacts. Keep everything in one accessible location so you can grab it quickly if you need to leave.

How often should I update my bushfire safety plan?

Review your bushfire safety plan at the start of each spring before bushfire season begins. You should also update it whenever your household circumstances change, such as moving house, having children, acquiring pets or livestock, or if someone in your household develops a medical condition that affects mobility. Major property changes like new buildings or cleared vegetation also warrant a plan review.

Can I stay and defend my home on a Catastrophic fire danger rating day?

No. On Catastrophic fire danger rating days, the only safe option is to leave the night before or early in the morning. Fires that start on Catastrophic days are uncontrollable, unpredictable, and extremely dangerous. Even well-prepared homes with defendable space may not survive, and staying puts your life at serious risk. DFES and all emergency services personnel advise leaving bushfire risk areas before Catastrophic conditions arrive.

Where can I find my local Bushfire Ready Group in Western Australia?

Contact your local council to find out if there's a Bushfire Ready Group in your area. Many councils across WA host these community groups and list meeting details on their websites. You can also check the DFES website or call their community engagement team for information about groups near you. If there isn't a group in your area, DFES can provide guidance on starting one with interested neighbours.

When you picture a fire hydrant, you probably imagine the classic red pillar standing on a street corner. But fire hydrants come in quite a few different forms, and the type you'll encounter depends largely on where you are and what the building or property needs. In Australia, most of us walk past fire hydrants every day without realising they're right beneath our feet.

Understanding the different types of fire hydrants isn't just useful trivia. If you're a property manager, business owner, or rural landholder, knowing which hydrant system you have (or need) can make a real difference when it comes to compliance, emergency preparedness, and protecting lives and property.

How do Fire Hydrants Work?

Before we look at the different types of fire hydrants, it helps to understand the basics of how fire hydrants work.

A fire hydrant is essentially a valved connection point to a pressurised water supply. When firefighters arrive at a scene, they remove the caps or covers, attach hoses or a stand-pipe, then open the valve. Water flows from the main at high volume and pressure, typically at least 20 litres per second at 200 kilopascals in Australia according to AS 2419.1.

The key components include the barrel (the visible part, above or below ground), a main valve, a stem nut to operate it, outlets or nozzles for hose connections, and sometimes drain ports or colour-coded bonnets that indicate flow capacity.

Wet Barrel Hydrants

Wet barrel hydrants are permanently filled with water right up to the outlets. Each outlet has its own valve, so firefighters can connect hoses and open individual outlets as needed.

This design allows the fastest possible deployment because there's no waiting for water to fill the barrel. You'll find wet barrel hydrants commonly used across coastal Australia, particularly on industrial estates, at ports, and around airports. They're ideal for mild or warm climates where freezing temperatures aren't a concern.

The trade-off is that if the hydrant is damaged, water will leak continuously until the main supply is shut off. That's why you won't see them in regions with freezing winters.

Dry Barrel Hydrants

Dry barrel hydrants solve the freezing problem. The main valve sits well below the frost line, and the barrel itself remains empty (dry) until the hydrant is operated. When firefighters open the valve, water rushes up into the barrel and out through the outlets.

These hydrants are standard in North America and Europe, where winter temperatures regularly drop below zero. In Australia, dry barrel fire hydrants are rare. You might encounter them in alpine areas like Thredbo or Mount Hotham, but for most of the country, they're simply not necessary.

Dry barrels take slightly longer to charge with water, and they require drain ports to empty after use, which adds a bit of complexity to maintenance.

Underground (Flush-Type) Hydrants

If you're in an Australian city or town, the fire hydrants you pass every day are almost certainly underground hydrants. The entire hydrant assembly sits below ground in a pit, with only a small cast-iron surface plate marked with an "H" visible at street level.

Firefighters insert a stand-pipe into the fitting to open the valve and connect their hoses. This design keeps the hydrant out of the way of traffic and pedestrians, and it's the standard used by water utilities such as the Water Corporation.

Most underground hydrants in Australia are wet systems because our climate doesn't require freeze protection. You might notice the covers painted in different colours (often yellow with a red lid, or white and blue) depending on local council standards.

Pillar (Above-Ground) Hydrants

Pillar hydrants are the free-standing columns most people recognise. They can be either wet or dry barrel, depending on the climate and application.

Above-ground hydrants are easier to locate in an emergency, and they often feature multiple outlets so several hoses can be connected at once. In Australia, you'll see pillar hydrants on private property, particularly at industrial sites, warehouses, and mining operations. They're part of a dedicated fire-main system rather than the public water supply.

These hydrants need to be clearly marked and maintained regularly. At Fullworks Fire Safety, we supply hydrant signage, locking wheels, and all the fire equipment you need to keep your hydrant system compliant and ready.

Dry Hydrants for Rural Areas

Dry hydrants serve a completely different purpose. They're not connected to a pressurised water main at all. Instead, a dry hydrant is a permanently installed pipe that runs from a static water source (like a dam, tank, or creek) to a connection point on solid ground.

Rural fire brigades use dry hydrants as drafting points. They connect a pump to the fitting and draw water directly from the source. This setup is invaluable in areas without reticulated water supply, and it's becoming increasingly popular on rural properties as part of bushfire preparedness plans.

If you own a lifestyle block or rural property in Western Australia, installing a 65 mm Storz dry hydrant into your existing water tank can provide a reliable water source for firefighters. It's a practical step that can make a real difference during bushfire season.

Standpipe and Internal Hydrant Systems

In multi-storey buildings like apartments, offices, and hospitals, you'll find internal hydrant systems (standpipe systems). These consist of fixed 65 mm landing valves installed in stairwells or corridors, supplied by onsite pumps and water tanks.

Internal hydrants are regulated under the National Construction Code (NCC) 2022 and AS 2419.1-2021. They're designed so firefighters or trained occupants can attack a fire from inside the building before it spreads.

These systems also include fire sprinklers in many cases, creating multiple layers of fire protection. Regular fire hydrant servicing and flow testing under AS 1851 is mandatory to keep these systems ready.

What are the Different Types of Hydrant Colours and what do They Mean?

You might have noticed that some hydrants have coloured caps or bonnets. This colour coding indicates the hydrant's flow capacity.

In Australia, colour standards vary by council and water authority. Some use a yellow body with a red lid for street hydrants, while underground covers might be painted white or blue with an "H" marking. The colours help firefighters quickly assess which hydrants will deliver the water volume they need.

Compliance and Maintenance in Australia

Fire hydrant systems in Australia must comply with AS 2419.1-2021, which sets out design, installation, and commissioning requirements. The 2021 update introduced stricter flow rates (minimum 10 litres per second) and now requires booster pumps if a building has more than two feed hydrants.

Once installed, hydrants need regular inspection and testing under AS 1851. Private hydrants should be flow-tested at intervals specified in the standard (typically six-monthly or annually depending on the system). Asset owners can face prosecution for failing to maintain their fire protection systems, and SafeWork authorities are increasingly auditing compliance.

If you're responsible for a hydrant system, keeping up with scheduled maintenance isn't optional. It's a legal requirement and a critical part of protecting your property and the people who use it.

How to Choose the Right Hydrant for Your Property

The type of fire hydrant you need depends on your location, climate, water supply, and the specific fire protection requirements of your building or site.

For most Australian metro properties, underground or pillar wet hydrants connected to the municipal water supply are the standard. Rural properties might benefit from a dry hydrant connected to a static tank. Multi-storey buildings require internal standpipe systems designed and installed to AS 2419.1.

If you're unsure what your property needs, it's worth getting expert advice from industry professionals who can best assess your situation. 

Keeping Your Hydrant System Ready When It Matters

Fire hydrants are one of those things you hope you'll never need to use, but when an emergency happens, they need to work perfectly. Whether it's an underground hydrant outside your business, a pillar hydrant on an industrial site, or a dry hydrant on your rural property, regular maintenance and compliance with Australian Standards gives you confidence that your fire protection is ready.

At Fullworks Fire Safety, we supply hydrant nozzles, hoses, signage, and all the components you need to keep your system compliant. We also provide fire hydrant servicing and flow testing throughout Perth Metro. Contact us today to discuss your fire hydrant needs or book a service.

FAQs

What Australian Standard governs the installation of new fire hydrant systems?

New fire hydrant installations in Australia must comply with AS 2419.1-2021, which covers system design, installation, and commissioning. This standard is referenced in the National Construction Code (NCC) 2022 Volume One, making compliance mandatory for all new construction and major renovations. The 2021 update introduced stricter flow requirements and new provisions for bushfire-prone areas.

Can I install a dry hydrant on my rural property for bushfire protection?

Yes, installing a dry hydrant on rural property is an excellent bushfire preparedness measure. A dry hydrant is a non-pressurised pipe installed into a dam, tank, or other static water source with a Storz or 65 mm fitting at ground level. This allows rural fire brigades to quickly draft water using their pumps. Check with your local fire service for guidelines on placement and specifications.

How often should a private fire hydrant be flow-tested under AS 1851?

AS 1851 specifies different testing intervals depending on the type of hydrant system. Most private hydrant systems require flow testing every six months, though some may be annual depending on the specific installation and risk classification. Regular testing ensures your system maintains the required pressure and flow rate, and it's a legal compliance requirement for property owners.

Why are some street hydrant covers painted different colours?

Hydrant cover colours in Australia vary by water authority and local council. Many councils use yellow bodies with red lids for reticulated street hydrants, while underground covers might be painted white or blue with an "H" marking. The colours help emergency services quickly identify hydrant locations, though colour coding systems aren't standardised nationally like they are in some other countries.

Do wet barrel and dry barrel hydrants deliver the same water pressure?

Both wet barrel and dry barrel hydrants can deliver the same water pressure and flow rate, as this depends on the water main they're connected to rather than the hydrant type itself. The main difference is operational: wet barrels deliver water immediately when opened, while dry barrels take a few extra seconds to charge with water. In Australia, where most hydrants are wet systems, pressure and flow are governed by AS 2419.1 requirements.

Fire sprinklers are one of the most effective ways to control and suppress fires before they spread. They protect lives, minimise property damage, and are required in most commercial buildings and many residential projects across Australia for fire safety. But how do fire sprinklers work?

The Basics of a Fire Sprinkler System

A fire sprinkler system is a network of pipes, valves, and sprinkler heads installed in a building to provide rapid, automatic fire suppression. When a fire starts, the sprinkler system detects the heat, releases water, and helps stop the fire from spreading.

Each system is connected to a reliable water supply (often the water main) with appropriate water pressure to ensure consistent flow through the system piping. When a sprinkler head activates, it sprays water directly onto the source of the heat, cooling the area and limiting fire damage.

How Fire Sprinklers Detect and Respond to Fire

Contrary to common belief, sprinklers are not triggered by smoke. They respond to heat. Each sprinkler head contains a small glass bulb or fusible link filled with a liquid that expands as the ambient temperature rises. When the temperature reaches around 68°C, the bulb shatters or the link melts, opening the sprinkler and releasing pressurised water.

Because each head operates independently, only the sprinklers near the fire activate. This targeted response limits water damage and ensures fire protection where it is needed most.

Automatic sprinklers are designed to respond quickly to the heat release rate of a fire. The combination of automatic detection, rapid water flow, and precise spray patterns makes fire sprinklers one of the most reliable fire protection systems available.

Main Types of Fire Sprinkler Systems

There are several types of fire sprinkler systems, each designed for different building environments and hazards.

1. Wet Pipe Systems

Wet pipe systems are the most common type in commercial buildings and residential buildings. The pipes are always filled with water under pressure. When a sprinkler head activates, water is released immediately.

Wet systems are simple, low in maintenance costs, and highly reliable. They are widely regarded as the best option for environments where the temperature stays above freezing.

2. Dry Pipe Systems

Dry pipe sprinkler systems are used in areas subject to freezing temperatures, such as loading docks, warehouses, or storage facilities. Instead of water, the pipes are filled with pressurised air or nitrogen held back by a dry pipe valve.

When heat activates a sprinkler head, the air is released first, allowing water to flow into the pipes from the main supply. This delay is minimal but prevents frozen pipes and costly damage in cold environments.

3. Pre-Action Systems

Pre-action systems combine features of both wet and dry systems and are controlled by a separate fire detection system such as smoke or heat detectors.

These systems are typically used in places where accidental activation could cause severe damage, such as data centres, museums, or archives. Only when a detector senses a fire and a sprinkler head activates will water be released, adding an extra layer of control.

4. Deluge Systems

Deluge systems use open sprinkler heads connected to empty pipes. When activated, usually by a manual activation or separate fire alarm, water flows through all sprinkler heads simultaneously.

This type of system is used for high-risk areas with flammable liquids or equipment, such as aircraft hangars or chemical plants. The large volume of water or foam spray helps to contain fires that spread quickly.

5. Water Mist and Foam Spray Systems

In certain circumstances, water mist systems or foam spray systems are used to reduce water damage while providing effective fire suppression. These systems release fine water droplets or foam to cool and smother flames while using less water than traditional sprinklers.

Components of an Automatic Fire Sprinkler System

A complete automatic fire sprinkler system includes several essential parts working together:

Sprinkler heads – detect heat and release water.

Piping system – distributes water throughout the building.

Valves and alarms – control flow and alert building occupants.

Water supply – ensures sufficient pressure and flow, often connected to the water mains.

Control panel – integrates with fire detection and monitoring systems.

These components are installed and maintained by qualified professionals such as a fire sprinkler fitter, ensuring compliance with Australian Standards and local building codes.

Installation and Maintenance

Proper fire sprinkler installation is critical to performance and safety. A certified fire sprinkler fitter will design and install the system piping according to the building’s layout, water pressure, and fire risk level.

After installation, regular servicing is essential. Fire sprinklers must be inspected, tested, and maintained to ensure reliability. This includes checking valves, testing alarms, inspecting sprinkler heads, and flushing pipes to remove debris or corrosion.

Professional maintenance helps reduce damage caused by leaks or faults and ensures your fire protection system performs as intended when needed most.

The Benefits of Fire Sprinkler Systems

Installing an automatic fire sprinkler system offers numerous advantages:

• Rapid response – activates within seconds of detecting heat.
• Life safety – reduces fatalities and injuries by containing fires early.
• Property protection – limits structural damage and loss of assets.
• Lower insurance premiums – many insurers offer reduced rates for protected buildings.
• Proven reliability – a track record of controlling or extinguishing fires before emergency services arrive.

For businesses, shopping centres, and other commercial buildings, fire sprinklers are an essential safeguard. For residential properties, they offer peace of mind knowing that your family and home are protected around the clock.

Why Choose Fullworks Fire Safety

At Fullworks Fire Safety, we service fire sprinkler systems and other fire protection equipment across Western Australia. Our experienced team delivers reliable service for all building types, from small residential buildings to large storage facilities and shopping centres.

With our proven experience, we help businesses stay safe, compliant, and ready for any fire emergency.

Get in contact with us today to see how we can assist with your fire sprinkler needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How often should a fire sprinkler system be serviced?

It is recommended to have your system inspected at least every six months, with annual testing by a licensed technician to ensure all components operate correctly.

2. Can one sprinkler set off the whole system?

No. Each sprinkler head operates independently. Only the sprinklers exposed to high heat will activate, preventing unnecessary water flow.

3. What happens if a sprinkler accidentally activates?

Accidental activation is rare and usually caused by mechanical damage or extreme heat near the sprinkler head. Proper maintenance and protection minimise this risk.

4. Do sprinklers use the same water as the building’s plumbing?

In most cases, yes. The sprinkler system connects to the building’s water main but operates through separate pipes and valves designed for high pressure and fire conditions.

5. Are fire sprinklers required in all buildings?

Requirements depend on building use, height, and occupancy type. Most commercial buildings, warehouses, and certain residential buildings must have sprinkler systems installed under Australian Standards.